一個現代化的環境檢測實驗室不僅擁有高精尖的科學分析儀器，更重要的是要有科學的實驗室規劃設計布局和先進的實驗室管理理念。今天，我們就環境檢測實驗室的規劃設計布局展開一系列的討論。

一、平面設計系統

1.設計符合(he)人(ren)體學(xue)

在做(zuo)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)平面(mian)設計的(de)時(shi)候(hou)，首先要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)的(de)因素就(jiu)是(shi)安全。實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)是(shi)很容(rong)易發生爆炸、火災、毒氣泄漏等(deng)事件(jian)的(de)地(di)方，所以在做(zuo)平面(mian)設計的(de)時(shi)候(hou)，應盡量地(di)要(yao)保持實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)的(de)通風(feng)流暢、逃生通道暢通。

天(tian)平臺、儀器(qi)臺不宜(yi)(yi)離(li)墻太(tai)近，離(li)墻40CM為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)。為(wei)(wei)了在工作發生危險時易于疏散，實驗(yan)臺過道全部通向走廊(lang)。實驗(yan)室(shi)走廊(lang)凈寬(kuan)度(du)宜(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)2.5-3.5米(mi)，普通實驗(yan)室(shi)雙門(men)寬(kuan)以(yi)1.1-1.5米(mi)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)，單門(men)寬(kuan)以(yi)0.8-0.9米(mi)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)。

2.實驗室功能分(fen)類

根據監測中心實驗室檢測分析功能的不同，主要將實驗室分為五類：普通化學實驗室、物理監測實驗室、儀器分析實驗室、潔凈實驗室（無菌實驗室）和輔助實驗室。普通化學實驗室主要是進行容量分析、離子測定、氧化還原等實驗；物理監測實驗室主要是進行物理性監測分析實驗；潔凈實驗室主要是通過人為的手段，應用潔凈技術實現控制室內空氣中塵埃、含菌濃度、溫濕度與壓力、以達到所要求的潔凈度、溫濕度和氣流速度等環境參數；輔助實驗室主要有天平室、高溫室、純水室、氣瓶室、貯藏室等。

二、電(dian)控系(xi)統

環境監(jian)測實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)包括照(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩(liang)(liang)大部分。動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)用于各類(lei)儀器設(she)備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯、空調等(deng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供應。實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)也是實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)很基本(ben)的(de)條件之一。實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)區域(yu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求兼有(you)交(jiao)流、直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，以(yi)及單相、三(san)相兩(liang)(liang)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插座，并常有(you)穩壓要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。儀器分析實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)還要(yao)(yao)(yao)求有(you)防電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁干擾，接地和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁屏蔽。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插座有(you)：10A、13A、16A、20A。設(she)有(you)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)開(kai)(kai)關、過載保(bao)護(hu)(hu)開(kai)(kai)關等(deng)。

三、氣體配送系統

環境監測實驗室(shi)(shi)用氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)有不(bu)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)（氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、二氧(yang)(yang)化碳）、惰(duo)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)（氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、氦(hai)(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等）、易燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)（氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、一氧(yang)(yang)化碳）、助(zhu)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)（氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）組(zu)成(cheng)。除不(bu)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、惰(duo)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外其他(ta)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)進入實驗室(shi)(shi)，通過(guo)輸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)接到各實驗室(shi)(shi)內。一般(ban)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相色譜(pu)室(shi)(shi)配置氦(hai)(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質聯用室(shi)(shi)配置了(le)氦(hai)(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)線上(shang)的連接管(guan)(guan)件都要(yao)連接后焊接，嚴禁有泄漏的可(ke)能。所有的管(guan)(guan)線在(zai)安裝完(wan)畢后一定要(yao)做氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)密性(xing)試驗，并在(zai)使用前要(yao)先除油。由于管(guan)(guan)道(dao)細小(xiao)，管(guan)(guan)間距小(xiao)，安裝過(guo)程中(zhong)可(ke)依據(ju)現(xian)場情況進行調整，保證間距不(bu)小(xiao)于45mm，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶裝瓶時，易燃(ran)易爆與(yu)惰(duo)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)同柜，杜絕兩種易燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)同瓶裝一柜。